Communication Is The Single Contingency Perspective

Over the course of the semester we have studied a wide range of subject matter including effective forms of communication, sexual assault, racism, face threats, and many other important concepts that one must to take in to account while attempting to understand how communication functions. Even though we have explored such a wide range of materials, three important concepts have remained relevant throughout the course of the semester. Those three concepts are the single, double, and triple contingency perspectives that we as communication scholars can use to evaluate how communication functions in society. These different ways of viewing communication help us to understand how communication is the building blocks for our social norms and†¦show more content†¦Either way the single contingency perspective puts all of the pressure on the sender to be able to properly formulate his or her ideas and effectively communicate those ideas to the receiver in order to achieve the desir ed outcome. The next perspective we used to gain a better understanding of how communication functions, is the double contingency perspective. This perspective is a step back from the single contingency perspective in the sense that instead of solely evaluating the sender the double contingency perspective also evaluates the receiver and takes into account the social, local, and cultural context of what is being said. What this means is the double contingency perspective looks at how other people and or the receiver might interpret the message being sent. For example, if you are talking to someone from a different cultural background and use a slang term they might not be able to understand the message you are sending them. Another example of how this perspective differs from the single contingency perspective is on the subject of self-disclosure. Some cultures believe that disclosing lots of personal information is a good way of building relationship while other cultures believe that it is not appropriate to disclose personal information

Post Partum Depression ( Ppd ) - 2298 Words

Post-Partum Depression (PPD) is the last thing on most mother’s minds during pregnancy and labor. However, for a number women after childbirth, the joy that is expected doesn’t arrive. The joy isn’t there when they bring the baby home, and it continues to evade them well into taking care of the baby. So what happens during such an emotional and delicate time in life? This paper will attempt to delve into the intricacies of PPD and its effects on the mother and the family unit. Symptoms, risk factors, historical treatments, current treatments, complications, and preventative techniques will be included. Post-Partum Depression is characterized first and foremost as an irritable, debilitating form of depression manifesting within four weeks to thirty weeks of giving birth (Andrews-Fike, 1999). Every patient present with various types and levels of symptoms. Symptoms can include those similar to other depressive disorders such as insomnia, fatigue, and anxiety. Giallo, 2015 assessed several emotions in their study including fear, blame, and anxiety. Sadness, helplessness, and tiredness were also included. Finally, suicidal thoughts were addressed. All of these are possible symptoms under PPD. Historically, PPD was not considered an actual disorder, and was ignored by many women, doctors, and therapists alike. Later on, when more complaints were brought to doctors’ attention, PPD was classified as a form of neuroticism. These â€Å"neurotic† women were treated with electroconvulsiveShow MoreRelatedPost Partum Depression : A Depression That Occurs After Childbirth1406 Words   |  6 PagesSimply defined Post partum depression is a depression that occurs after childbirth. Post-partum depression or PPD can be experienced by not only the new mother but the partner and new born as well. However given the high rate in which it affects the partner, the availability of resources that can be used to resolve PPD is very low. There is also a substantial lack of knowledge about PPD and its effects of the new father; this lack of information often leads to negative stigmas and judgment. AlthoughRead MoreEssay on The Causes of Depression1545 Words   |  7 PagesDepression I am choosing to write my paper on depression for a couple different reasons. The first of these is that I have suffered from it for the last little bit of my adult life. Depression has not been an easy thing for me, or my family. There are many different symptoms of depression, and I have suffered a lot of these personally. The second reason I chose depression is that I wanted to gain a greater knowledge on the matter, and know how to better handle problems I am faced with. DepressionRead MorePost Partum Depression Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesPost Partum Depression Unlike the baby blues which affects 70% to 80% of new mothers and does not require prompt medical attention due to its mild nature. Major Post Partum Depression attacks 10% of new mothers and is entirely a beast of a different nature, one that must be reckoned with. The most recent Post Partum case that has rightfully caused a media frenzy is the Andrea Yates case. Yates was the mother of five young children. This past summer Yates held each of her children in aRead MorePostpartum Depression And Parent Child Relationships1406 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Proposal: Postpartum Depression and Parent Child Relationships Adriana Tatoyan University of San Francisco May 11, 2016 Introduction Postpartum Depression Depression is a major public health problem that is twice as common in women as men during the childbearing years. Postpartum depression is defined as an episode of non-psychotic depression according to standardized diagnostic criteria with onset within 1 year of childbirth (Stewart D., et. al, 2003, p. 4). For womenRead MoreOaea Case Study779 Words   |  4 PagesOmegas have been thought to play a role in perinatal depression by affecting depression neurotransmitters and receptors in the brain. Furthermore, analysis has shown that n-3 PUFA levels are decreased in depressed individuals in contrast to individuals not depressed. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study was conducted for 6 weeks. The participants had to meet the DSM-IV criteria for major depression and be within the timeline of third trimester to six months postnatal. The participantsRead MorePostpartum Depression Essay2237 Words   |  9 Pagespregnancy, a major concern that requires attention is a perio d of expected feelings of depression that a woman may encounter known as baby blues. Although normal, and expected baby blues can lead into post partum depression that involves a myriad of emotions and mood swings. If not addressed postpartum depression can lead to a more severe form of baby blues known in the clinical world as postpartum non-psychotic depression that requires professional intervention. The therapeutic goal during this time isRead MoreCan Providers Education about Postpartum Depression Increase the Acceptance Levels of Pediatrics Medical Providers to Screen Mothers for PPD?1926 Words   |  8 Pagespostpartum depression (PPD) increase the acceptance level of pediatrics medical providers to screen mothers for PPD in a primary care setting? Postpartum depression (PPD) is a range of depressive symptoms that women may experience after giving birth. It’s onset within the first month after birth. Many studies define the â€Å"postpartum period† at a minimum of 3 months up to a year after childbirth (Chaudron, Szilagyi, Campbell, Mounts, McInerny, 2007). Symptoms range in severity and the timing post childbirthRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Symptoms980 Words   |  4 PagesPostpartum Depression Screening Depression, a disorder of the brain, is known to be a common but serious illness that interferes with one’s life. Although MRI scans have shown a difference in the brain activity of individuals suffering depression, it cannot solely be used to diagnose depression. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) states that â€Å"with postpartum onset† to episode of depression with the onset being within 4 weeks of delivery of a neonateRead MoreThe Predictors Of Postpartum Depression1227 Words   |  5 PagesPREDICTORS OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION Predictors of Postpartum Depression Angela Woods NR439 Evidence Based Practice Professor Jeanie Bachand Chamberlain College of Nursing October, 08,2017 Introduction In today’s society some women are reluctant about starting a family. These women aren’t just looking at the financial obligations that accompany parenting but many are looking at the physical and emotional changes that some women endure during the postpartum period. There is reluctanceRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Yellow Brick Road to Insanity704 Words   |  3 Pagesconfusion, anxiety, and depression to share her experience with what we now know to be post-partum depression (PPD). A woman’s body is an incredible creation, designed by God to nurture and bring forth new life. The outward changes and evolution of pregnancy are obvious and amazing. The neurological and hormonal changes are invisible but no less significant. This story focuses on the invisible elements of child birth and points to how society has misunderstood and mislabeled PPD as a psychological disorder

Aldous Huxley 5 - 1128 Words

When Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1931, nobody imagined that his fairytale story would someday be a reality. It is almost scary to see how accurate Huxleys far-fetched fantasies came to be. When Huxley wrote about the conformity, drug use and sex and technology of the society, he was almost pinpoint exact to predicting todays societies. Unfortunately, all of these things havent exactly changed our society today for the better. It is amazing to see how accurately Aldous Huxley was in his predictions to human conformity today. The novels classes of Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons each have assigned roles. In the novel, each caste is brainwashed into believing that it is crucial and important for the well†¦show more content†¦In this world, the family unit does not exist and the concept of having a mother and father is considered a primitive quality of humans. Technology has subverted the world so much that even God is replaced by Ford. Constant refe rences throughout the novel are made to Our Ford, referring to Henry Ford, the embodiment of industrial development. The real world in which we live is not much different from this that Huxley writes about in the 1930s. Technological developments have already allowed us to create embryos outside of the womb. The values that once existed in religion and family are slowly but surely disappearing. Even today\, the vast majority of America and the world have lessened their beliefs, their worshiping of God and practicing religion. Technology has become the new religion as it provides the materialistic progress that people desire. Women will soon have the ability to have children but not carry the children themselves for nine months. What is important anymore? Because of technology, a family unit merely represents a group of people that has dinner together every so often. Values in education and good citizenship are no longer taught to children in such intensity as distractions bro ught forth by the media and video games only encourage having fun as opposed to studying and working hard for a future. We are destroying our own world with the obsessive violence taught and practiced by elementaryShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s A Brave New World1708 Words   |  7 Pagesessential to ones physical and mental well being. So naturally when we discuss human issues in societies, specifically those of the fictional variety we apply our mashed set of ideals based on truth and happiness on each of these different societies . In Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World, by conventional societies ideas the citizens of the world state know nothing of traditional reality and by the standards of the traditional world are far from a state of contentment, but if examined by the ideals of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn some novels it is blatantly obvious what the author’s view on a certain topic is. Aldous Huxley, the author of Brave New World, made it known that he is not a supporter of totalitarianism. His works have illustrated his opinions on this topic. Huxley’s novel, Brave New World, analyzes the dangers of losing one’s individuality based on the main characters’ struggles and refusals to conform. This book is set in a futuristic society where the government controls everything including the conceptionRead MoreThe World State Society1261 Words   |  6 Pageseight to ninety-six buds and where every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo†¦ And the Epsilons suffer oxygen-shortage for keeping an embryo below par, where the lower the caste. †¦ The shorter the oxygen, the brain will be affected first (Huxley 4-5, 15). This genetic fallacy they are told that they can’t do anything more than what they were made for. Does everyone in each social class believes without an unquestionable doubt that their role in society is perfect for them and they need n o otherRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1965 Words   |  8 PagesNeal Mars Professor Bradley English 1102 February 19, 2015 Brave New World â€Å"Aldous Huxley’s ‘Brave New World’ is largely about what we got – a consumerist post God happy land †¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote from Kyle Smith in his article about Brave New World is an example on how the world is becoming the dystopia that Aldous Huxley created in Brave New World. In Brave New World people are taken away from reality by a drug called soma, the belief in Henry Ford as a God instead of a person, the technological controlRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Leonard Huxley s Life862 Words   |  4 PagesI. Based on the information I read from www. SomaWeb.com, Aldous Leonard Huxley was born on July 26, 1894 in Godalming, England. a. Huxley was born into a family of wealthy elites with a history of achievements. b. On his father’s side, Leonard Huxley, was his grandfather Thomas Henry Huxley, who was a prominent biologist in the development of the theory of evolution. c. On his mother’s side, were poets and novelist including Matthew Arnold and Mary Augusta Ward. II. As for his education, he attendedRead MorePlot Development in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay examples1337 Words   |  6 Pages In the beginning of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, set in the year 2450, the reader is educated on the society in which the novel’s premise takes place, through a tour given by the hatchery director for a group of students. It introduces the basis of the society, artificial procreation, while also establishing the societal hierarchy that they hold so dear. It also demonstrates the fact that Alphas, members of the highest caste, hold prestigious positions of honor, while EpsilonsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the nove l focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreObjectification Of Women : Women1377 Words   |  6 PagesJon† shows us, almost perfectly, the power men have over women, and helps us understand how women confuse love and sex and why so many men do not (Mallory). In the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, there is a thing called Feelies. Feelies are, in short, movies where one can have a touch sensation to (Huxley 79-85). They show women having private moments with men, and show women as objects of seed instead of human beings. Even though Feelies show women in a vulnerable state, the citizens of BraveRead MoreComparing The Station Twelve And Brave New World By Aldous Huxley1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn my report I have chosen to examine the four texts of ‘Station Eleven’ by Emily Mandel, ‘Brave New World’ by Aldous Huxley, ‘1984’ by George Orwell and ‘Harrison Bergeron’ by Kurt Vonnegut from the dystopian genre. Throughout these texts, I studied the two connections: the use of Shakespeare and the setting of a totalitarian government. The texts Station Eleven and Brave New World both use Shakespeare as a symbol of art and culture. In Station Eleven, Mandel uses this symbol to tell us how importantRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1518 Words   |  7 PagesGiles 1 Attie Giles Lorna Martin AP English August 24, 2016 Brave New World Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is a very graphic novel that exemplifies the problems of modern society with a fictional setting that dates far into the future. However, the one feeling that Huxley describes most is the feeling of complete loneliness, even when surrounded by the very materialistic desires that were created for complete joy. This story revolves around one character in particular that portrays the theme of

The Social Impact Of Stigma Surrounding Physical And...

The Social Impact of Stigma Surrounding Physical and Mental Disability Of those who know me well, a small number eventually find out that I am bipolar. It s not something I advertise to the public, and it has, at times, been an enormously debilitating force in my life. Even though I am educated about my problems and know better, many times I have berated myself harshly for my weakness or even found fault in my very existence. Early on, I doubted my right to live based upon the difficulties inherent to the disorder, and I have since sometimes felt deeply ashamed of it. Not everyone who has learned of it has been understanding. Not at all. I have been told I was undisciplined, that the illness was fake or manufactured, that I was making excuses, that I was scary, that I needed to go back to church, that I was just manipulative, that I needed a knot jerked in my tail, that I had taken advantage of loving parents, that I was just too emotional, that that that that that...... It s NOT just my imagination that keeps me from telling people. -sricki All across the globe, people with disabilities are shut out from the rest of society, kept back by a wall called â€Å"stigma†. They are well hidden from the rest of the world, institutionally separated from the moment that they begin school. Children with disabilities grow up almost exclusively around other children â€Å"like them†, usually under the pretense that it allows them to feel more â€Å"normal†. As they growShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness1658 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness is a controversial topic in recent news. From Sandy Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional† (Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as theyRead MoreMental Illness1511 Words   |  7 PagesWe have all had some subjection to mental illness, yet do we truly comprehend it or know what mental illness is? Are we able to grasp how it effects an individual, and how it arises to begin with? â€Å"A mental illness can be defined as a health condition that changes a persons thinking, feelings, or behavior (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning† (Defining Mental Illness, 1970). Likewise, with numerous illnesses, mental illness is extreme at times and subduedRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health Care Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesMental health issues have been an ongoing hot topic in this country for over a century. Though many strides have been made to increase awareness and lessen the stigma, there continues to be a barrier to mental health care, especially for our nations’ youth and young adults. I will be discussing the history behind mental health care, current policies regarding it, how the presence of stigma reduces the likelihood that youth and young adults are receiving the adequate mental health care they requireRead MoreMental Illness And Its Stigma1363 Words   |  6 PagesMental Illness and Its Stigma â€Å"One in five adults in America experience mental illness,† (Mental Health, n.d., para 1). Many people define mental illness as a characteristic that makes one irrational or delusional and derives a belief that those who have mental disorders are not suffering from a real disease, resulting in a negative view of those who suffer. There are three ways to defy this stigma that everyone, from media producers to the sufferers themselves, must participate in to break downRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Mental Health Stigma1680 Words   |  7 Pagesregard to mental health stigma. While the media has been a major contributor to the negative attitudes surrounding mental illness, it has recently evolved to become one of the most effective means of ameliorating stigma. However, the media needs to continue to improve in order to promote a healthy environment for people with mental illness. Before narrowing our focus on the media, we must clarify the terms mental illness and stigma. According to the National Alliance on Mental Health, a mental illnessRead MoreEffects Of Stigma Toward Mental Illnesses1711 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is one of the most stigmatized medical conditions in society. People diagnosed with mental illnesses experience a difficult social life, where most of the community members harbor prejudicial attitudes toward them. Undoubtedly, having a mental illness profoundly affects how an individual interacts with the rest of the community in various issues. More often than not, the social consequences of mental disorders are negative since persons with the illness are naturallyRead MoreAn Individual s Health Status Of Your Vulnerable Group1700 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL ILLNESS Predisposing factors and how it presents in the lifestyle/health status of your vulnerable group. An individual’s mental health or psychological well being determine if the person will be able to lead a fulfilling life. Mental health may affect a person’s emotional, social, and personal aspect of their life. Individuals who have biological relative with mental illness, exposure to toxins, drugs or alcohol during pregnancy, stress, chronic medical condition, brain damage, traumaticRead MoreSystematic Culture Change and the Mental Health Services Act871 Words   |  3 Pagesconstructing their solutions, the CSX (like most social movments) have taken a prognostic and motivation approach. First, the rise of coalitions between consumers and other allies has allowed for more brain power and different options, which has lead to changes in policies and creation of programs that allow for better living conditions and treatment of mental health consumers. Second, research has indicated that empowering indivudals has had a positive impact on their personal lives and their health.Read MoreMental Health : A Global Crisis1599 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health: A Global Crisis Mental Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as â€Å"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO, 2014).† Any deviation from that definition constitutes a mental health issue. It is important to note that mental health issues do not necessarily constitute a mental disorderRead MoreGhost Boy By Martin Pistorius1750 Words   |  7 Pagesrelational practice skills in order to provide better care for patients throughout their illness experience. Those with physical disabilities are highly likely to experience stigma resulting in discrimination (Van Herk, Smith, Andrew, 2010). Utilizing the book Ghost Boy by Martin Pistorius, this paper addresses the intersectionality of significant physical disability with race, social class, and economic status. Moreover, this paper will explor e and analyze elements of relational practice, Martin’s

Carrying Out Employment In ABS Pty Limited - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Should Carrying Out Employment in ABS Pty Limited? Answer: Introducation In the given case, Alan has been carrying out employment in ABS Pty limited. Alan apart from his salary of $300,000 in a year has been getting some additional perks. He has been getting a mobile reimbursement worth $220 per month including the amount of GST. Alan has entered into a two year contract with the mobile company where he will have to a pay fixed amount every month and in lieu he can enjoy unlimited usage on the phone. The mobile phone for he is getting the reimbursement is been used purely for work related purposes. The company apart from paying salary to Alan also reimburses the schools fees of his children worth $20,000 per year. In the current year, the company provides him with a new mobile handset worth $2,000. This amount includes GST. At the end of the year, the company hosted party where all the 20 employees of the company were invited with their partners. The total amount that has been spent in this dinner was worth $6600 including GST. Fringe benefit tax referred to as a tax that has been levied on certain benefits that has been provided by the employer to the employee and his family members and other associates. The tax has been levied is borne by the employer himself. The benefit that has been provided in relation to fringe benefit is apart from the salary paid to the employees. The taxes that have been paid on the fringe benefits provide to the employees are separate from the income tax and the same is calculated on the taxable value of the fringe benefit that is providing to the employee. Benefits can be provided by an associate of an employer, by another person on behalf of the employer or by a third party under an arrangement with the employer. Benefits include rights, privileges and services or facility. (Adam, 2012) Fringe Benefits Tax is the tax applied by the Australian Taxation Office to fringe benefits (which are generally non-cash benefits) provided by an employer to their employees including their employees family or other associates. It was introduced on 1st July 1986; the basic motive to introduce it was to protect loss of revenue from the practice of providing (tax-free) fringe benefits in lieu of salary. It is separate from income tax and is charged on the taxable value of the fringe benefits provided by an employer to their employees. It also applies to Commonwealth and State Government departments. There are many fringe benefits which are exempt from fringe benefits tax, but the condition of granting exemption is that the benefit is used primarily to enable an employee to do his job. (Wolfram, 2014) For calculating fringe benefits tax employer is required to gross-up the taxable value of benefits after that the grossed-up value is taxed at applicable FBT rate which is 49 percent for fringe benefits tax year ending 31st March 2017. When an employer can claim the Goods and Service Tax (GST) on a benefit then the benefit provided is known as Type 1 benefit (such as holiday accommodation) and the applicable type 1 benefit gross-up rate is 2.1463 times of the cost of benefit provided. In case where an employer cannot claim the Goods and Service Tax (GST) on a benefit then the benefit provided is known as Type 2 benefit (such as private health insurance) and the applicable type 2 benefit gross-up rate is 1.9608 times of the cost of benefit provided. In the given case, ABC Company provided mobile phone worth $2000 to Alan plus they use to make the payment for the mobile usage charges for Alan worth $220 including GST. As per the provision of Australian tax, no FBT will be payable on the cost of mobile phones that are provided by the employer to the employee. Further being the mobile has been used by the employee for his office purposes, thus, the same will not be eligible for FBT. The company apart from paying salary to Alan also pays the schools fees of his children worth $20,000 per year. Being the payment has been made by the employer directly to the school which is a third party, the payment made will be covered under the provision of FBT. At the end of the year, the company hosted party where all the 20 employees of the company were invited with their partners. The total amount that has been spent in this dinner was worth $6600 including GST. Provision of fringe benefit on entertainment includes:- Entertainment in form of recreation, drink and food. Travel or accommodation with regard to or for facilitating the aforementioned entertainment. Further entertainment provisions are also applicable to:- Cocktail parties , business lunches and drinks and staff social functions Entertainment to clients and employees via theatrical and sporting events, holidays, sightseeing tours and so on. Travel and accommodation provided in regard with or to facilitate activities such as entertaining clients and employees at a tourist resort over a weekend or holiday etc. Thus, the amount that has been spent by the employer on dinner of the employee and their partner will be eligible for FBT. Being the employer can claim the GST on the benefits provided by them to the employee. The FBT will be calculated as follows: Particular Amount Amount paid as school fees (no GST) $ 20,000 Gross up 1.9608 FBT liability $ 39,216 Dinner amount (including GST) $ 6,600 Gross up 2.1463 FBT liability $ 14,166 Total FBT Liability $ 53,382 FBT tax 49% FBT $ 26,157 Further, FBT is currently payable by an employer irrespective of fact its a Sole trader, trustee, partnership, unincorporated organization, corporation, government authority or government. Regardless of the fact whether employer is providing the fringe benefit or the same is provided by another party.FBT is still be payable whether employer is liable for income tax or any other taxes. Hence even if ABC only had 5 employees fringe benefits are applicable to ABC. As stated earlier, another person can also provide fringe benefit on behalf of employer .In fact, on behalf of employee it can be provided to another person like a relative. Provision of fringe benefit on entertainment includes:- Entertainment in form of recreation, drink and food. Travel or accommodation with regard to or for facilitating the aforementioned entertainment. Wherein recreation includes sport, amusement and leisure-time pursuits and includes recreation and amusement in vessels, vehicles or aircraft (Like harbor cruises, sightseeing tours, joy flights etc) Further entertainment provisions are also applicable to:- Cocktail parties , business lunches and drinks and staff social functions Entertainment to clients and employees via theatrical and sporting events, holidays, sightseeing tours and so on. Travel and accommodation provided in regard with or to facilitate activities such as entertaining clients and employees at a tourist resort over a weekend or holiday etc. Further, if the clients attend the dinner that has been organized by the employer, then the employer will not be able to use the GST credit. However, the FBT amount will be same as calculated above. In the given case, Peta purchased a house in Kew. The house has an old tennis court at the back. Peta purchased the house with an intention of building three units on the tennis court and selling them at some profit. However, soon he got the offer from tennis club next door offered to buy the old tennis courts. Peta spent $100,000 for preparing the tennis court for sale. He resurfaces the tennis courts and builds new fences around and sold the same for $600,000. As per the Australian tax laws, ordinary income refers to the income that has been earned by a person in the form of money or moneys worth. The ordinary activity refers to the income that has been earned by a person from a profit making activity or from a property or from an investment. Ordinary income does not include voluntary income or income from gift. The normal proceeds that have been earned by a person from a business are covered under the definition of ordinary income. A business activity in this context includes an activity that has been carried out by a person on a regular basis is covered under the definition of business activity. Further, the ordinary income also includes 'adventure or concern in the nature of trade. These are a single adhoc activity that has been carried out by a person which is not the normal income generating activity of the person but the same can be considered as a business in itself. At times of calculating the ordinary income, only the profit amoun t that has been earned by the person will be considered. This amount can be calculated on notional basis as well. In the given case, Peta has spent a considerable amount i.e. $100,000 on improving the condition of the tennis court. The court was purchased by the tennis club nearby for $600,000. In this case, Peta has entered into an adhoc transactions of selling the tennis court to the tennis club. This is not his business. This is just an adhoc transaction which has been entered by him just to make quick profit. These are a single adhoc activity that has been carried out by a person which is not the normal income generating activity of the person but the same can be considered as a business in itself. In this case, the Peta has earned a profit of $500,000. Thus as per the definition provided above, the amount so earned by him will be considered as ordinary income. In the given case, the entire amount that has been received will not be considered as an ordinary income. As per the provision of the Australian tax laws, only the profit amount that has been earned by the person will be considered. This amount can be calculated on notional basis as well. Thus, in that case being Peta has spent $100,000 in resurfacing the tennis courts and build new fences around them, this will be considered as the cost. $600,000 has been received by Peta as a sales consideration for selling the tennis court to the club, thus in net the amount $500,000 has been considered as a profit which Peta has received and thus the same will be treated as ordinary income in his hands. In the above working, the capital gain tax and the original amount that Peta has to pay to purchase the tennis court along with the house has been ignored. We havent been provided with the amount that has been paid by Peta for the tennis court, thus only the net $100,000 which has been spent by him on resurfacing the court is taken into consideration for ordinary income calculation purposes. Reference: Taxpayers, 2015, Tax free benefits, Different rates, viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from _ https://www.taxpayer.com.au/KnowledgeBase/10164/Small-Business-Tax-Super/Fringe_benefits_tax Wolfram P., 2014, Fringe benefits tax and salary packaging, viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from _ https://www.mywealth.commbank.com.au/strategies/60-second-guide--fringe-benefits-tax-news20140611 Adams P., 2012, Fringe benefits tax fundamentals, viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from _ https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/cpd/fbtextract.pdf ATO, 2017, How to calculate fringe benefits tax, viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from _ https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)/How-to-calculate-your-FBT/ ATO, 2017, Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT), viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from _ https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Employers/Preparing-to-engage-workers/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)/ ATO, 2017, FBT Installments, viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from _ https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Business-activity-statements-(BAS)/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)-instalment/ Austlii.edu, INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997 - SECT 6.5, viewed on 14th May 2017, Retrieved from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s6.5.html

Social Media And Eating Disorders Essay Example For Students

Social Media And Eating Disorders Essay Mirror, mirror, on the wall, whos the fattest one of all?-UnknownMen and women of all ages, races and incomes get eating disorders. Almost eighty percent of people with eating disorders started with dieting. Experts estimate one in four college women are bulimic. Did you know ninety percent of women overestimate their weight and everyday fifty six percent of women are on a diet. It is also not surprising that eating disorders are on the increase because of the value society places on being thin. Women especially are given the message at a very young age in order for them to be happy and successful they have to be thin. Did you also know the average model weighs twenty three percent less then an average woman. According to medical standards they fit into having a disorder. Diet commercials are constantly appearing on television screens telling us that losing weight will make everyone happy. Over five million American menand women suffer from eating disorders. (Vollstadt 45) Depression , shame, and agonizing sense of isolation is caused by eating disorders, they disrupt families, schools, and damages careers. Its unfortunate, but in todays society, people have forgotten that its whats on the inside that counts, not whats on the outside. One percent of teenage girls in the US develops anorexia nervosa and up to ten percent of those may die as a result.(AABA 3) Anorexia nervosa is a disorder in which preoccupation with dieting and thinness leads to excessive weight loss. The individual may not acknowledge that his or her weight loss or restrictive eating is a problem. Most women and an increasing number of men are motivated by the urge to become thin. Anorexics usually strive for perfection. They usually have a low self-esteem and sometimes feel that they dont deserve to eat. Denying the problem occurs most of the time. There are many warning signs for anorexia. Some of the signs are having a noticeable weight loss, becoming withdrawn, lots more exercise, fatigue, weakness in muscles, headaches, and a different attitude towards others. Theres many more, but just look at the ones here and say that they arent dangerous. There are also many medical conditionsto go with this disease like hair loss, bloating, cold hands an d feet, etc. Some people wear baggy clothes to make themselves feel skinnier then they already are and they still feel the urge to lose more weight. Anorexics close to death will show you on their bodies where they feel they need to lose weight. No matter what their weight is, they still feel fat and need to lose more weight. It is not uncommon for someone who develops the disorder to starve his/herself until they weigh just 60 or 70 pounds. Researchers have discovered that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus begins to work improperly after the onset of anorexia. The hypothalamus controls such activities as maintenance of water balance, regulation of body temperature, secretion of the endocrine glands and sugar and fat metabolism.(ANAD 16) Further studies are needed, however, to determine if anorexia patients have a biological predisposition to develop the illness. Bulimia is an eating disorder that involves eating binges followed by quickly purging, using laxatives, and other efforts. It is also related with anorexia, but doesnt have the large weight loss that goes along with it. It can cause gastrointestinal problems, potassium depletion, and damage to teeth from the acid in regurgitated food. Bulimia usually develops during adolescence, especially among females, from pressures including the social emphasis on sliminess. Just like an anorexic the bulimic uses self-destructive eating behaviors to deal with psychological problems that go deeper. An individual feels out of control and recognizes that the behavior is not normal. There are actually two different types of bulimia. There is the purging kind and the non-purging kind. The purging type: during the current episode of Bulimia Nervosa, the person has regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. The non-purging type: during the current episod e of Bulimia Nervosa, the person has used other inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but has not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. (MSB 1) Some warning signs may be vomiting, mood swings, depression, tooth decay, and irregular heartbeats. The list goes on and on. Some experience medical complications and physical problems like dizziness, shortness of breath, lack of energy, and some major organ damage. Its not looking good for some people who have bulimia. .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 , .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .postImageUrl , .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 , .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:hover , .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:visited , .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:active { border:0!important; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:active , .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714 .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8049fbb84552b3394ab283cebccb5714:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andreas Vesalius EssayBinge eating can be very dangerous to everyone. People who have this condition engage in frequent binges, but unlike a bulimic they dont purge. Food is used as a dysfunctional means of coping with psychological problems.Its usually followed by and intense guilt or shame from eating so much food. An individual usually experiences depression and other psychological problems. Almost forty percent of obese people may be binge eaters. (AABA 2) This eating disorder is mostly over-looked by people. It usually starts in childhood when eating patterns are formed. (Claude 80) There are a number of treatment options available for the compulsive overeater. Indivi dual or group therapy and outpatient or even inpatient programs are certainly treatment options. There are also non-profit organizations available, which deal specifically with compulsive overeating. Many compulsive over eaters deal with weight gain, hypertension, heart ailments, and mobility problems. Seeking medical help would be best. Even though this disorder isnt as serious as the others it is still one that shouldnt be over looked. When the problem is addressed initially, anyone needs to prepare oneself for all the possible reactions. Everyone who suffers with an eating disorder experiences a large amount of suffering and pain, but they are not the only ones who suffer. The ultimate goal should be to get that person to seek help. This person may become upset and/or angry also a chance that they become relieved that someone wants to help. People tend to isolate themselves and become very good at hiding the problem. Some may be confused about why the whole thing started, where to go for help, and how to approach the person. The best way to deal with it is to find out more and educate oneself on the situation. Many find themselves guilty , because they some how feel responsible for the persons actions. People with eating disorders are going to have low self-esteems and think they are worthless. They need to know they are loved and they are important . There is only so much help that they can take form people. Neve r forget that no one is hopeless and eating disorders can be beaten. It takes hard work and time to beat these giants. There are many different approaches to treatment of eating disorder, no single philosophy works for everyone. Eating disorders are psychological problems that require therapeutic treatment. Sometimes patients require several different types of treatment before finding one that is helpful. A feeling of trust must exist if there is a therapeutic relationship if it is to be beneficial. Just remember recovery is possible and there is help out there for anyone. Once again, it should be stressed that diets dont work. Eating three healthy meals a day, a few snack and doing some exercise, will allow your body to go to its natural point. Its important to remember that no one food will make you fat, as long as its eaten in small portions. Stop buying those fashion magazines and diet products, and stop believing all the lies that are on television. Focus on learning to love yourself. No number on a scale and fitting into a smaller dress size will not make everyone happy. Happiness can only come from within. Words/ Pages : 1,347 / 24